Film
Articles focussing heavily on Film.
Brothers Joel and Ethan Coen have cemented themselves as one of the most influential filmmaking duos of all time. Through an array of acclaimed movies including Fargo (1996), True Grit (2010) and The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018), the brothers have a reputation for blending genres and writing convoluted plots with eccentric characters. In order to bask in the wisdom of this iconic filmmaking duo, we’ve compiled 15 amazing Coen brothers quotes that are sure to inspire all budding screenwriters
How To Write an Active Protagonist (and Avoid a Passive Protagonist)
Table of ContentsWhat is an Active Protagonist?Goals and DesiresMatchmaking: Antagonism and the Active ProtagonistEscalation and the Active Protagonist Actioning Dialogue and Avoiding PassivityStakes and Ticking ClocksExamples of Active ProtagonistsRon Woodroof in Dallas Buyers ClubJoe Goldberg in YouRay Ferrier in War of the WorldsAC 12 in Line of DutyProfessional Protagonists What is an Active Protagonist? An active protagonist is a main character who is not merely affected by the world around them, but affects that world too. Their actions, both internal
The 25 Best Strategies for Creating DISTINCTIVE Movie Ideas
Whether you’re an experienced writer, a recent film studies grad, or a casual cinephile who walked out of a theater and thought, “I could do that,” crafting great movie ideas can be harder than it seems. If you’re reading this, you probably already know the struggle. But fear not! The suggestions we’ve compiled below are perfectly suited for the experienced writer and the audacious newbie alike. These are 25 great ways to generate distinctive movie ideas. Table of Contents1. Keep
15 Timeless John Hughes Quotes to Inspire Writers and Filmmakers
John Hughes influenced the cinema landscape immensely largely during the 1980s. His most beloved movies include The Breakfast Club, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, Sixteen Candles and Pretty in Pink. But he continues to influence writers and filmmakers to this day in the way he captures that most universal of experiences – teenage life. So we’ve put together 15 John Hughes quotes that are timeless in their ability to inspire writers and filmmakers. John Hughes – Teen Idol The many works
Writing Christmas Films & Navigating the Holidays: The ULTIMATE Guide
When writing Christmas films there’s multiple sub-genres and elements to consider to make it the perfect holiday watch. It’s no secret that there are a range of elements to cover when trying to make a classic Christmas film. But where do you start? And how do you make sure you’re following the right beats whilst writing something fresh? We take a look… Table of ContentsWhat is a Christmas Film?The Different Types of Hybrid Christmas Genres1. Christmas Genre: Romantic Comedy Holiday2.
The 10 ESSENTIAL Elements of a Historical Fiction Script
Table of ContentsWhat is Historical Fiction?The 10 Key Elements of a Historical Fiction Script1. Pick a Moment in History and Explore Surrounding Events2. Plant Verbal and Visual Seeds3. Create Convincing Characters4. Explore Complex Relationships5. Pay Attention to Manners of Speech6. Get a Feel For How People Lived7. Cast Your Net Wide8. Utilize the Power of Setting9. Explore Contrasting Perspectives10. Consider Alternate HistoriesHistorical Fiction: In Conclusion, A Match Made in Heaven What is Historical Fiction? At face value, the definition of
Writing Dramatic Irony in Screenwriting: The Key Steps
Table of ContentsWhat is Dramatic Irony?Three Common Types of Irony Key Ways to Use Dramatic Irony in Screenwriting1. Using Dramatic Irony for Suspense 2. Using Alternative Perspectives 3. Engrossing the Audience in the Character’s Tragedy 4. Writing Dramatic Irony for Humour 5. Creating Empathy for Naive Characters Things to Watch Out for When Writing Dramatic Irony In Conclusion: Writing Dramatic Irony EffectivelyIn Summary What is Dramatic Irony? Simply put, dramatic irony is a form of irony. It is both a
How to Write a Gangster Movie: The Expectations of the Genre
Table of ContentsWhat is a Gangster Movie? 10 Key Elements of a Great Gangster Movie1. A Street-Smart Protagonist2. The Law Enforcer Eliot Ness in The UntouchablesBill Parker in Gangster SquadJoseph Pistone in Donnie Brasco3. The MafiaThe Inclusion of The Mafia:4. The Location5. RivalryWho is the Rival?6. Guns, Money and Drugs Violence or Substance:7. Family TiesGangster Families:8. Gangland ChiefWho’s the Boss?9. A Revenge PlotPast and Present:10. The Violent ClimaxGoing Out With a Bang: What is a Gangster Movie? The gangster movie
What is a MacGuffin? The KEY Points and KEY Examples
Table of ContentsWhat is a MacGuffin?What is the Purpose of Using a MacGuffin?The Different Types of MacGuffins1. Object MacGuffins2. Background Props3. Mechanical Device Props4. Character MacGuffins5. Conceptual MacGuffinsDifferent Filmmakers and Their Use of MacGuffinsHitchcock & the MacGuffinTarantino & the MacGuffinThe Coen Brothers & the MacGuffinJames Cameron & the MacGuffinIn Conclusion: How to Use a MacGuffin in Your Screenplay What is a MacGuffin? A MacGuffin is a type of plot device that is essential to driving the plot but not necessarily
Sophisticated Plants and Payoffs: Vital Cogs in any Screenwriter’s Engine
An essential principle not only to screenwriting but also the wider fundamentals of storytelling, plants and payoffs are one of the most effective ways of involving the audience and embedding clever twists, turns, and surprises throughout your screenplay. Premised upon the notion that any element introduced into a script must later prove significant, plants and payoffs exploit the human tendency to make mistakes, overlook details, and misconstrue information. In doing so, they also succeed in tapping into our desire to
What is Five Act Structure and How Do Screenwriters Use It?
Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Five-Act Structure What is the Five-Act Structure?What are the Five Acts in the Five-Act Structure?Act 1: ExpositionAct 2: Rising Action Act 3: ClimaxAct 4: Falling Action Act 5: DénouementThe Five-Act Structure in Action: The GodfatherAct 1: Exposition Act 2: Rising ActionAct 3: ClimaxAct 4: Falling ActionAct 5: DénouementDo You Need to Stick to A Five-Act Structure? What is The Difference Between The Five-Act Structure And The Three-Act Structure? The Five-Act Structure: In Conclusion In Summary
The Essential Elements of Writing a Fish Out of Water Story
Table of ContentsWhat is a Fish Out of Water Story?The Essential Elements of a Fish Out of Water Story1. Subjective Perspective2. Objective Uses 3. Partial Fish Out of Water4. Don’t Be Afraid of Exposition5. Conflict is in the Nature of a Fish Out of Water StoryThe Fish Out of Water Narrative Structure1. The Introduction of a Whole New World2. Making Mistakes3. Success 4. The Biggest Challenge Yet 5. The FutureThe Fish Out of Water – In Conclusion In Summary What
The 10 Best TED Talks For Screenwriters and What They Teach
There are many TED talks out there for writers, screenwriters and storytellers. In this article, we’ll focus on 10 of the most relevant and best talks for screenwriters and writers as a whole. We’ll take a look at the advice they give writers and how to get the best out of them. Of course, there are many other great examples out there. However, below are what we believe to be the top 10 TED talks for screenwriters (in no particular
The Monster Genre: How to Write an Original Movie Monster
The monster genre is one of cinema’s classic creations. And the monster itself is a creation that can haunt the imagination of audiences long after the credits. But what does a contemporary monster genre movie look like? And how do you create a monster that feels original and genuinely terrifying? In this article, we’ll look at the monster genre and tackle the best way to write convincing and contemporary monsters. Table of ContentsWhat is a Monster?Important Structural Rules of the
What is Dan Harmon’s Story Circle? And How to Use It (with Examples)
The art of telling a story is ultimately narrowed down to its basic structure. And Dan Harmon’s Story Circle is an example of one of many story structures. These different structures can be fantastic, invaluable guides for writing a screenplay. And so in this article, we’ll break down Dan Harmon’s Story Circle, showing how it can help you in your screenplay and demonstrating how it looks in action, using some examples. Table of ContentsWhat Is Dan Harmon’s Story Circle?How Dan
How to Write a Convincing Murder Mystery Script
There is a timeless formula to writing a murder mystery that shows no sign of waning in popularity. This isn’t to say that writing a murder mystery script, let alone a good one, is easy. Far from it. Being able to draw the audience into the murder mystery and allowing them to feel immersed in the plot is tricky. And the genre is so familiar and popular there are many tropes to avoid. Yet there are also essential beats to
The 13 Key Elements of a Slasher Movie with 10 Slasher Movie Examples
The slasher movie sub-genre could be considered one of the most controversial sub-genres in cinema. With its stark violence, it’s often the subject of discussions around the effect of slasher films on society at large. These films burrow into our deepest fears and take hold of the wider imagination. They provide some of cinema’s most iconic moments and some of its most terrifying. And they hold a unique place in their ability to scare and shock. But how do you
The 10 ESSENTIAL Steps to Writing a Police Procedural Script
Table of ContentsWhat is a Police Procedural?The 10 Essential Steps to Writing a Police Procedural1. Do Your Research2. Interesting Protagonist(s) 3. Equally as Interesting Antagonist(s) 4. Setting5. Point Of View6. The Set Up7. The Interaction between Protagonist and Antagonist 8. Make the Police Procedure Complex and Challenging9. Adding a Deeper Connection between The Protagonist and The Case10. Focus on Pace In ConclusionIn Summary What is a Police Procedural? A police procedural is a sub-genre of the police drama. It’s also
What Makes A Great Action And Adventure Movie Script?
The action and adventure movie genre is one that often sits at the top of the box office. It’s a genre that can have a wide reach across many different audiences and captivate with its mix of engaging characters, thrilling set-pieces and general sense of escapism. But how do you approach writing what is such a formidable and large scale genre? And what exactly are the elements that make up an action and adventure movie in the first place? We
How Do You Write a Cinematic Two Hander? The ESSENTIAL Steps
A movie that not only follows one protagonist but two always feels like one with an added layer of depth and substance. In the screenwriting world, this kind of movie, with dual protagonists, is often called a two hander. Many movies and genres follow the arc of dual protagonists. It’s a popular form because you get to see two distinct characters on a journey together. The audience watches their conflicts push the story forward and how they develop as characters
How to Write an AWESOME Movie Pitch or TV Pitch: The 10 KEY Steps
A movie pitch is one of the most important pieces of writing a screenwriter has to master in order to sell a screenplay and build a successful career. It can also be one of the hardest to get right. Don’t let its size fool you. Even if a movie pitch (or TV pitch) is only one page long it can be the key to selling your idea to an executive, producer or screenplay reader. But often, condensing all their ideas
The Best Movie Twist Endings: How to Genuinely Surprise Your Audience
Table of ContentsWhy is a Twist Ending Effective?The Popularity of Twist Endings Key Elements to Writing a Satisfying Movie Twist EndingDoes it Make Sense?Subtle Foreshadowing Disguising a Twist within a Twist 3 Bad Movie Twist EndingsIn ConclusionIn Summary Why is a Twist Ending Effective? The best movie twist endings often completely change the dynamic of the film; from its characters, to its themes, to the narrative as a whole. When done right, a twist at the end should genuinely surprise
15 Fascinating Wes Anderson Quotes for Writers and Filmmakers
Where do you start with Wes Anderson? The acclaimed director is one of the most distinctive and charismatic filmmakers of all time. And whilst he typically doesn’t spill his guts about his process, the few Wes Anderson Quotes there are demonstrate part of why he’s so distinctive and liked. Wes Anderson – American Auteur Wes Anderson grew up in Texas and it was there, at the University of Texas at Austin, that he met a collaborator that would become a
James Cameron MasterClass Review: Is It Worth It?
Our review scores out of 10 for the James Cameron MasterClass: Lessons – 9.5/10Workbook – 7/10Community – 7/10Value – 10/10 Overall Verdict – Two thumbs up! Purchase Course Who is James Cameron? James Cameron is one of Hollywood’s biggest-ever directors, heralding a number of cinema’s greatest blockbusters and holding some of the largest box office grosses of all time. He is best known for The Terminator (1984), Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Titanic (1997) and
What Does a Story Editor Do? The ESSENTIAL Breakdown
A lot of work goes on behind the scenes of all your favorite movies and TV shows. From designing sets and creating costumes, bringing what is on the page to life is a complicated process. Still, it all starts with words on the page that have been put there by talented writers. And those talented writers will often be aided in the process by a story editor. This role plays an important part in bringing a script to life. A
What is a Soliloquy? And Is There Space for Soliloquies in Screenwriting?
Most will remember Hamlet’s famous speech, the one example of a soliloquy that has been painfully etched into many students’ memories – “to be or not to be”. And conveniently enough, such a question helps this article’s premise too. Is there space for soliloquies in screenwriting? What is a soliloquy and what is its purpose? Do they have a place in modern screenwriting? And how are they written into screenplays? Let’s take a look… Table of ContentsWhat is a Soliloquy?The
Deus Ex Machina: How to USE and/or AVOID in Screenwriting
What is a Deus ex machina? It sounds like something technological and complex. But it’s actually quite simple. Well, have you ever just been watching a film totally invested, your anticipation at an all-time high waiting for the ending? The movie has been good, and you cannot imagine anything taking away from it. So, as the end approaches it becomes clear all hope is gone. Nothing will be able to save the characters in the film from certain death or
15 Superb David Fincher Quotes to Inspire Writers and Filmmakers
One of the most admired directors of the last 30 years, David Fincher continues to fascinate with the work he creates. From his breakthrough in the early 1990s as an …
What is a High Concept Comedy? Crafting a Unique Comedic Premise
The comedy genre has boundless opportunities. It has an evergreen appeal to audiences, especially in dark times. We all need the tonic of humor and a light-hearted premise at some point. And a ‘high concept’ comedy channels this appeal in one of the most striking ways possible. Table of ContentsWhat is a High Concept Comedy? Examples of High Concept ComediesThe Key Elements of Writing a High Concept Comedy1. What is Your High Concept?2. Characterisation 3. Setting Up the Protagonist 4.
Tyler Durden – ORIGINAL CHARACTERS Series Part: 9
Welcome to Original Characters, an ongoing series of Industrial Scripts’ articles examining the most original characters to appear in both TV and film. This article will focus on Tyler Durden from Fight Club. Table of ContentsWhat is an Original Character? Who is Tyler Durden? What Makes Tyler Durden Original? Multi-Dimensional CharacterTyler’s PurposeTyler’s InfluenceAn Anti-Hero’s JourneyTyler Durden & Masculinity In Conclusion What is an Original Character? It’s a character that sticks with you even when they’re long gone from your screens. It’s a character that serves as
What Can a Table Read / Read Through Do For Your Screenplay?
A table read is one of the most important steps in the production process for any feature film or TV series. You’ve poured your heart and soul into your screenplay, you’ve collected feedback and you’re ready to send it out into the world. But before you unleash your carefully crafted words, have you ever heard them spoken aloud? A table read puts your screenplay at a huge advantage and can be crucial to its success. It can even be considered
How To Write Great Dramedy: The KEY Elements of a Dramedy Script
Genre mashups, also known as genre hybrids, are a tricky business to get right. The balance between the genres will need to be spot on for it to be successful. A dramedy is no different and perhaps the most difficult of all genre hybrids to balance. Taking a serious topic and injecting comedy into it is an art form. And if it’s not done carefully it can go really wrong. There are different ways to go about writing a script
Are these the 25 BEST Movie Titles? What Makes a Great Movie Title?
Coming up with a title for your screenplay is no picnic. You need a title that sums up your story, stands out and rolls off the tongue. Or at least …
Writing Subtext: What are the Different Forms of Subtext?
Table of ContentsWriting Subtext: What is Subtext?Different Forms of Subtext1. Thematic Subtext The Truman ShowMulholland DriveMoonlight2. Subtext In Dialogue ParasiteThe Social Network3. Subtext in Imagery Brokeback Mountain Citizen Kane4. Subtext in ActionsBreaking BadInglorious BasterdsHow to Execute Subtext in Your ScreenplaySubtext ExercisesTo Conclude: What to Remember About Writing Subtext Writing Subtext: What is Subtext? In its simplest terms, subtext is what lies beneath. Writing subtext in a screenplay is all about conveying the underlying opinions, meaning, themes and metaphors sitting underneath
How to BEGIN Writing a Fantasy Script: 7 Great Ways into the Fantasy Genre
At some point, we have all delved into the fantasy genre, whether that is through books, TV shows or movies. It’s a genre with a wealth of scope, opportunities and precedents. So much so that beginning a fantasy script can seem like a gargantuan task involving world-building, unique character work and vast imagination overall. Typically, the fantasy genre is associated with dragons, wizards and quests to fight evil. Though this does relate to the fantasy genre, there is so much
The Best Time Loop Movies: How Do You Make Repetition Unique?
Table of ContentsWriting Time LoopsThe Key Elements of a Time Loop Movie:1. Write Compelling ProtagonistsPhil Connors in Groundhog DayWilliam Cage in Edge of TomorrowNyles and Sarah in Palm Springs2. Create a Clever Setting for the LoopIn Palm SpringsIn Edge of Tomorrow3. Find a Satisfying SolutionWhat Do Each of These Movies Do Right?Don’ts of Time Loop Movies DON’T Steal IdeasDON’T Overuse Confidence and Control DON’T Rely on the StereotypesDON’T Balk from Big Themes To Conclude: Embracing CreativityIn Summary Writing Time Loops
Movie Memoirs: How Do You Adapt a Memoir for the Screen?
With true stories increasingly leant on in both movies and TV in recent years, movie memoirs have practically become a genre all on their own. These movies will typically be adapted from a book and depict the true story of the protagonist’s life as told from their perspective. But how do you write a memoir movie? And how do you go about the tricky processing of adapting a memoir into a screenplay? We take a look at the tricks and
The 10 BEST AI Movies: Different Representations of AI in Movies
Table of ContentsWhat Are AI Movies?Top Ten Best AI Movies10. Ghost in the Shell (1995)9. Westworld (1973)8. Wall-E7. A.I. Artificial Intelligence6. Her5. Minority Report4. Blade Runner3. The Matrix2. 2001: A Space Odyssey 1. Ex Machina How Do You Write AI in Your Screenplay?1. Consider Your Genre2. Protagonist or Antagonist?3. What is the Purpose of Your AI Character?4. What is the Message You Want to Convey?5. ResearchIn Summary: What Are AI Movies? Narratives focusing on artificial intelligence have been used repeatedly in books,
Setting as a Character: Get the MOST Out of Your Screenplay’s Setting
Using ‘setting as a character’ is a phrase you’ll often hear in screenwriting circles. But what does it mean? An easy way into this concept is to think of how our favorite movies wouldn’t be the same without their iconic settings. Think of Harry Potter without Hogwarts or The Shining without the Overlook Hotel. Here, settings function as characters in their own way, supporting the narrative and impacting the course of the storyline. The notion of ‘character’ can be stretched
Writing Dystopia: The Keys to Crafting an ORIGINAL Dystopian Movie
Table of ContentsDystopia vs. Post Apocalypse, What’s the Difference? The Dystopian World of SnowpiercerThemes in Dystopian Writing 1. Environmental Degradation Wall-EOkja2. Totalitarian Governments: The Hunger GamesThe Handmaid’s Tale3. Technology Taking Control Protagonists in a Dystopia: Antagonists in Dystopia: Snowpiercer’s AntagonistsOkja’s AntagonistsIn Writing Dystopia, Show Don’t TellWriting the Final Scene of a Dystopian Movie In Conclusion Writing Dystopia Writing dystopia has become something screenwriters are increasingly drawn to in recent years. The dystopian movie is in itself a classic genre. However, this genre seems to have gained increasing
The Insider Interviews – with SICARIO Producer Ed McDonnell
This latest iteration of our Insider Interviews Series is with producer Ed McDonnell, one of the three judges of Industrial Scripts’ inaugural screenwriting contest, The TITAN Awards. Ed McDonnell Biography Ed McDonnell has produced some of the most interesting and critically acclaimed films of the last twenty years and racked up $1.25 billion in global box office in the process. His career typically straddles the border between arthouse-commercial and in doing so, he’s garnered a reputation for working with brilliant, visionary
The 10 Best Final Battles: How to Write a GREAT Final Battle
Table of ContentsWhat is a Final Battle?Why Are Final Battles Important?What Makes a Great Final Battle?How Do You Write a Final Battle?Characterisation and Story DevelopmentThe Three Act Structure: Final Battle EditionFirst Act: Set up the battle.Second Act: ConfrontationThird Act: ResolutionThe Pace of a Final Battle10 Amazing Final Battle Examples10. Mad Max- Fury Road9. Kill Bill: Volume 18. Avatar – Battle for Pandora7. Avengers: Endgame6. Gladiator 5. Saving Private Ryan4. The Revenant3. Game of Thrones – “The Battle of the Bastards”A
The TITAN Awards Launches (PR)
Press Release 03/03/21 Industrial Scripts launches The TITAN Screenwriting Prize The inaugural year of the annual screenwriting prize opens for submissions from writers and filmmakers globally, judged by a triumvirate …
The Cold Open: Starting Your Screenplay With a Bang
Whether you write for film or TV, a cold open can provide a vital and dynamic way into your screenplay. They say that in the business, nobody will read past the first ten pages if they aren’t interested in what they see. Much in the same way, the first five to ten minutes of runtime can mean the difference between a viewer sticking through to the end or going back to the Netflix homepage. Those five to ten pages or
10 Brilliant Symbolism Examples: Symbolism in Screenwriting
Table of ContentsThe Art of SymbolismWhat Is Symbolism?What’s the Difference Between Symbolism and Motifs?The Craft of SubtletyBut Why Is Symbolism So Important?But Where Do We Start With Symbolism?Types of SymbolismCharacter SymbolismObject Symbolism Symbolism in SettingColor SymbolismThe Law of Duality and the Law of Correspondence10 Brilliant Symbolism Examples10. Parasite – The Stone9. Joker – Clowns8. Pan’s Labyrinth – The Labyrinth7. Get Out – The Deer6. Moonlight – Water5. Inception – The Top4. American Beauty – Roses3. The Godfather – Oranges2. Jaws
What is Cinematic Language and How Do You Use It?
Table of ContentsCinematic Language: Understanding its MeaningHow to Recognise Cinematic LanguageCinematic Language in a ScreenplayApplying Cinematic Language to Your ScreenplayBut What Does Cinematic Language Actually Look Like?ParasiteVertigoThe GodfatherBut What Does This Mean for Your Screenplay?Watch Films and Look Out For Cinematic LanguageIn Summary Cinematic Language: Understanding its Meaning Cinematic language. You will have most likely heard this phrase being used in film circles, about a screenplay or in reference to a film or TV episode. But what is cinematic language?
The First Ten Pages of Your Screenplay: How to HOOK a Script Reader
Table of ContentsThe Importance of the First Ten PagesHook the Reader with the First Ten PagesEighth GradeUp1. Introduce the Protagonist in the First Ten Pages2. Introduce the World in the First Ten Pages3. Establish the Genre4. Tease the ThemeA Compelling Introduction In Summary The Importance of the First Ten Pages The first ten pages of any screenplay are always the most important. These pages make up the first ten minutes or so. That’s about how long it takes for a
Travis Bickle – ORIGINAL CHARACTERS Series: Part 7
Welcome to Original Characters, an ongoing series of Industrial Scripts’ articles examining the most original characters to appear in both TV and film. This article will focus on Travis Bickle from Taxi Driver. Table of ContentsWhat is an Original Character?Who is Travis Bickle?What Makes Travis Bickle Stand Out?A Multi-Dimensional CharacterTravis Bickle’s PastThe Power of the AntiheroWhat Reveals Travis Bickle’s MotivesThe Assassination IrisTravis Bickle’s RevengeThe Road to DestructionIn Conclusion What is an Original Character? It’s a character that sticks with you even when they’re long
Fact and Fiction: How to Handle THE TRUTH as a Screenwriter
Oftentimes, a film based in reality will include a handful of fabricated details and interactions. Many people dedicate themselves to pointing out instances where true stories deviate from the truth. Such films and television shows are consistently challenged with intertwining fact and fiction. But if something claims to be a true story, why can it get away with including details that aren’t entirely true? Narrative films are not documentaries. Even documentaries often distort reality to serve their intended narrative, to
15 Motivating Jon Favreau Quotes on Filmmaking
Where to start with a filmmaker, actor, producer and writer as malleable and prolific as Jon Favreau? The multi-talented director behind Iron Man, the Mandalorian and The Lion King has been at the top of the industry for decades. In light of this, we’ve compiled 15 inspiring Jon Favreau quotes to demonstrate the expertise and wisdom this titan has to share. Jon Favreau: Coming Out Swinging Most people credit Swingers with introducing Jon Favreau to the film and TV world.